The splinternet will find new opportunities to reposition from isolating users and from truely damaging content.

"Splinternet" is a term coined by economists to describe the new reality that cyberspace is controlled and regulated by different countries. Splinternet was once just a concept, but now it's a dangerous reality. As the future of the World Wide Web is at stake, governments are free and open Internet advocates who are obliged to stop the flow of authoritarian regimes that isolate the Internet to control information and its people. The current debris web is a continuation of the "fragment" trend that has emerged in international affairs and occurs when cyberspace is relatively unregulated.

There are three reasons for this shift. Firstly, states have felt increasing pressure to control information in response to events such as the Arab Spring; Secondly, cyberattacks including those by Russia on Ukraine or Iran's nuclear program affected their ability to access information via the internet; And thirdly, there is no global governance body with jurisdiction over all countries who share responsibility for ensuring peace through diplomacy and trade agreements. But the future is not dark. Human rights groups advocate digital rights as part of the fundamental freedoms needed to ensure the meaningful exercise of human rights.

While "Splinternet" has momentum, there is still time to prevent it from becoming a harsh reality by supporting the global Internet freedom efforts. Optimism about the fact that cyber vulcanization is a problem can be found through the creation of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations agency for information and communication technology responsible for Internet governance. Or promote multi-stakeholder principles *.

* Multiple stakeholder governance is a governance practice that brings together multiple stakeholders  to participate in dialogue, decision making, and the implementation of responses to commonly recognized issues.

However, despite efforts to unite to protect the rights of citizens, many are afraid that this is not enough and there may already be more worrisome problems with the behavior of online users. Driven by propaganda and big data companies with a clear agenda, there is a tendency for polarization and "anti-social media" concerns. The Cambridge Analytica scandal has shown that the population can be easily manipulated online. Therefore, it may be good to tighten the online rules.

The problem is finding a balance between monitoring fake news, malicious language, and harmful content, but it still provides users with choice and security, even when using the Internet without strict monitoring. In some countries, citizens can be imprisoned to share a message, even if it is virtually correct. To encourage the full and responsible use of the Internet, countries agree to the Code of Conduct established by the Global Network Initiative, a group aimed at "promoting and protecting free speech."

This code regulates not only the information that can be shared online but also how it is monitored. This includes guidelines on how to:

• Restrict harmful content
• Prevent censorship or surveillance from third parties such as governments or corporations
• Protect human rights online

All signatories, including technology companies such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) must be committed to adhering to these principles. Otherwise? They can face consumer boycotts and legal issues in their home countries.

Cons of splinternet

Some countries, such as China, Iran, and Russia, have already introduced strict internet restrictions. Internet restrictions in China are particularly strict, people must register for a social media account before they can access the Internet (monitored), and posts that mention sensitive information can be prosecuted or imprisoned. This means that  Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube content (all sites, including user-generated content) are strictly censored.

Journalists are routinely arrested or imprisoned for publishing critical articles in Beijing, but the VPN (Virtual Private Network) used by Internet users to bypass splinternet China's firewalls has been complete since 2017. They have "cyber police officers" who monitor everything posted online for anything that is considered inappropriate or destructive to government agencies.

Iran`s government employs an extensive online surveillance program known as “Halal Net” which monitors its citizens` activities by scanning websites and apps such as Telegram along with other popular internet sites like Gmail and Yahoo Mail looking for keywords related to topics considered morally unacceptable by the Iranian regime like sex outside of marriage or talking about overthrowing the current country leaders. Meanwhile, Russia passed a new law in December requiring bloggers with more than 3,000 followers to register their real names. Other Internet restriction issues include shutting down websites and networks such as Telegram and LinkedIn.

The “splinternet” is an emerging reality that has not only come to define how we use the internet today, but also why it matters so much. With more governments vying for control over cyberspace and populations under their jurisdiction as a means of controlling information flow online, advocates in favor of free access to information have never been more important.

In Vietnam, Internet limits include website censorship, content, and blocking of shutdown networks. The restriction prevents people from going to websites that criticize the Vietnamese government. They also discontinue seeing the website for the political parties and human rights groups representatives. Pakistan`s National Telecommunications Authority bans a number of social media sites including YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter with only one VPN provider being able to bypass those restrictions.

Pros of splinternet

However, restrictions do not always cause concern or anger. Countries often seek to protect their citizens rather than their political interests. Examples of useful Internet restrictions include protecting children from harmful content, preventing cybercrime, and protecting the country's virtual infrastructure.

The battle against forged messages can help with the Internet limitation, as the spread of incorrect information has recently led to political turmoil. Targeted interventions can also serve a specific purpose. For example, Russia has a country-sponsored site called Russia Beyond the Headline, which helped improve the link between the English site and Russian content. This was seen as an active intervention by many Russians who wanted their country to be properly represented abroad.

Twitter should begin to build an algorithm to automatically recognize misleading content, and hide it from the user unless you accept "Potential misleading information". More forms of this form. Subtle Censorship is useful for users to ask or destroy.